This study investigated the nature of genetic variation in Atherosperma moschatum (sassafras) populations, throughout its geographic range (SE Australia). The relationships between genetics, population dynamics and biology of A. moschatum were investigated. This project aimed to determine if small isolated populations were less diverse and more inbred than larger, more continuous populations. The project also considered the viability of small populations and implications of the study’s findings for long-term conservation of the species.